/* Back by Science Journal: academic publisher look. Merriweather Sans for the
   interface and article text, blue links, a coloured journal banner, pill
   buttons, light overview band, dark footer. */
:root {
  --text: #222; --muted: #626262; --line: #c5d3dd; --line-soft: #e4ebf0;
  --link: #025e8d; --link-hover: #01324b;
  --band: #eff6fb; --navy: #01324b;
  --banner: linear-gradient(90deg, #0b2545 0%, #134074 55%, #1b5e86 100%);
  --gold: #f2c14e;
  --sans: 'Merriweather Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --serif: Merriweather, Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --radius: 32px;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body { margin: 0; background: #fff; color: var(--text); font: 16px/1.6 var(--sans); }
a { color: var(--link); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { color: var(--link-hover); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
.wrap { max-width: 1280px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 24px; }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .wrap { padding: 0 16px; } }
.muted { color: var(--muted); }
.small { font-size: 14px; }
.error { color: #c40606; font-size: 14px; margin: 6px 0; }
.ic { width: 1em; height: 1em; vertical-align: -0.12em; flex: none; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { color: var(--text); }

/* top bar */
.top { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: #fff; }
.top-row { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; padding-top: 18px; padding-bottom: 16px; }
.wordmark { text-decoration: none; color: var(--navy); font-size: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.3px; white-space: nowrap; }
.wordmark b { font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 1px; }
.wordmark span { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; }
.wordmark:hover { color: var(--navy); }
.login, .who a { font-weight: 700; color: var(--text); text-decoration: none; }
.who { font-size: 15px; color: var(--muted); }
.top-nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 32px; padding-top: 12px; padding-bottom: 12px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line-soft); }
.top-nav a { color: var(--text); font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; }
.top-nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
@media (max-width: 560px) { .wordmark { font-size: 17px; } .top-nav { gap: 4px 18px; } .top-nav a { font-size: 14px; } }

.satire-band { background: var(--gold); color: #1c1c1c; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }
.satire-band .wrap { padding-top: 7px; padding-bottom: 7px; }

/* pill buttons */
.pill { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; font: 700 15px/1 var(--sans); padding: 13px 22px; border-radius: var(--radius); border: 2px solid var(--link); background: var(--link); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; }
.pill:hover { background: var(--link-hover); border-color: var(--link-hover); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.pill.outline { background: #fff; color: var(--link); }
.pill.outline:hover { background: var(--band); color: var(--link-hover); }
.pill.light { background: #fff; border-color: #fff; color: #222; }
.pill.light:hover { background: #eef3f7; color: #000; }
.pill.small { font-size: 13px; padding: 8px 14px; }
.pill.block { display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 100%; }
.pill:disabled { opacity: 0.45; cursor: not-allowed; }
.linkish { background: none; border: 0; color: #fff; font: 600 15px var(--sans); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; cursor: pointer; padding: 0; }

/* journal banner */
.banner { background: var(--banner); color: #fff; }
.banner a { color: #fff; }
.banner-in { display: flex; gap: 28px; align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 22px; padding-bottom: 28px; }
.banner .cover { width: 120px; height: 160px; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); flex: none; }
.banner-text { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.crumbs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.crumbs .chev { width: 12px; height: 12px; opacity: 0.85; }
.crumbs span { opacity: 0.95; }
.banner h1 { color: #fff; font-size: clamp(26px, 4vw, 36px); line-height: 1.2; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 14px; }
.model { margin: 0 0 18px; font-size: 14px; display: grid; }
.model span { opacity: 0.85; }
.banner-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 22px; margin: 0; }
.banner.slim .wrap { padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 22px; }
.banner.slim h1 { margin: 0; }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .banner-in { gap: 16px; } .banner .cover { width: 72px; height: 96px; } }

.subnav { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.subnav .wrap { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 30px; padding-top: 14px; padding-bottom: 14px; }
.subnav a { color: var(--text); font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; }
.subnav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* overview band */
.overview { background: var(--band); padding: 34px 0 38px; }
.two-col { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: 56px; }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .two-col { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; } }
.overview h2 { font-size: 26px; margin: 0 0 14px; }
.overview ul { padding-left: 22px; margin: 14px 0 22px; }
.overview li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
.eic { margin: 22px 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 14px; }
.ask { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px; margin: 20px 0; }
.ask label { display: block; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.ask div { display: flex; gap: 10px; }
.ask input { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .ask div { flex-direction: column; } .ask .pill { justify-content: center; } }
.metrics h3 { font-size: 16px; margin: 4px 0 14px; }
.metric { display: flex; gap: 12px; align-items: flex-start; padding: 12px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.metric svg { width: 22px; height: 22px; color: var(--navy); flex: none; margin-top: 2px; }
.metric span { display: block; font-size: 14px; }
.metric b { font-size: 16px; }

/* home sections */
main > .wrap > section, .page > section { margin: 44px 0; }
section > h2, .page > h2 { font-size: 26px; margin: 0 0 18px; }
.latest-issue { display: flex; gap: 24px; align-items: center; }
.latest-issue .cover { width: 96px; height: 128px; border-radius: 3px; }
.kicker { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 4px; font-weight: 600; }
.latest-issue h2 { font-size: 24px; margin: 0 0 16px; }
.latest-issue h2 span { color: var(--line); font-weight: 400; margin: 0 6px; }

.items { list-style: none; margin: 0 0 22px; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.item { display: flex; gap: 24px; justify-content: space-between; padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.item-text { min-width: 0; }
.item h3 { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.item h3 a { color: var(--text); }
.item h3 a:hover { color: var(--link); }
.item .by { font-size: 14px; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.item .meta { font-size: 14px; margin: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 0; }
.item .meta > * { padding: 0 10px; border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.item .meta > :first-child { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
.thumb { flex: none; width: 190px; border: 1px solid var(--line-soft); align-self: flex-start; }
.thumb .chart { border: 0; margin: 0; display: block; }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .thumb { display: none; } }

.updates .update { border-left: 4px solid var(--link); background: var(--band); padding: 18px 22px; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.update h3 { font-size: 18px; margin: 0 0 6px; }
.update p { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; }

.info .issn { display: flex; gap: 48px; margin-bottom: 22px; }
.info .issn b, .info .issn span { display: block; }
.info h3 { font-size: 16px; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.indexed { columns: 3 220px; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 16px; list-style: none; font-size: 14px; }
.indexed li { margin-bottom: 4px; break-inside: avoid; }

.issue-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.issue-list li { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 6px 16px; padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.issue-list a { font-weight: 700; }
.vol h3 { font-size: 20px; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.page { padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 40px; }
.page.narrow > * { max-width: 760px; }

/* article page */
.article-banner .banner-in { justify-content: space-between; padding-bottom: 30px; }
.article-banner h1 { font-size: clamp(24px, 3.4vw, 34px); }
.art-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 0; margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 15px; }
.art-meta > * { padding: 0 10px; border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); }
.art-meta > :first-child { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; }
.article-banner .banner-actions { margin-top: 18px; }
.banner-journal { width: 280px; flex: none; display: grid; gap: 10px; align-content: start; font-weight: 700; }
.banner-journal .jname { font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.4; }
.banner-journal .cover { margin-bottom: 6px; }
@media (max-width: 900px) { .banner-journal { display: none; } }

.article-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: 56px; padding-top: 26px; padding-bottom: 40px; }
@media (max-width: 900px) { .article-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .side { display: none; } }
.paper { max-width: 820px; min-width: 0; }
.authors { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.9; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.authors a { color: var(--text); }
.authors sup { font-size: 11px; color: var(--muted); margin-left: 1px; }
.mail { color: var(--muted); }
.access { font-size: 15px; margin: 0 0 26px; padding-bottom: 18px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.access span { color: var(--line); margin: 0 6px; }
.paper h2 { font-size: 24px; margin: 34px 0 12px; }
.highlights { background: var(--band); border-radius: 8px; padding: 2px 22px 14px; }
.highlights h2 { font-size: 18px; margin: 16px 0 8px; }
.highlights ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; }
.abstract h3 { font-size: 16px; margin: 16px 0 4px; }
.abstract p { margin: 0 0 8px; line-height: 1.75; }
.kw { margin-top: 18px !important; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; align-items: center; }
.kw b { margin-right: 4px; }
.kw span { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 16px; padding: 3px 12px; font-size: 14px; }
.fulltext { line-height: 1.8; }
.fulltext h3 { font-size: 24px; margin: 38px 0 12px; }
.fulltext h4 { font-size: 18px; margin: 26px 0 8px; }
.fulltext p { margin: 0 0 16px; }
a.cite { text-decoration: none; }
a.cite:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
figure { margin: 26px 0 30px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; padding: 16px; }
figcaption { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; }
.tbl figcaption { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.tbl-scroll { overflow-x: auto; }
.tbl table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; }
.tbl th { text-align: left; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--text); padding: 8px 10px 8px 0; }
.tbl td { padding: 7px 10px 7px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-soft); vertical-align: top; }
.tbl .note { font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); margin: 10px 0 0; }
.chart { width: 100%; height: auto; font: 10px var(--sans); fill: #333; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.chart .ax { font-weight: 700; }
.back h3, .refs h3 { font-size: 24px; margin: 38px 0 12px; }
.back p { margin: 0 0 12px; }
.refs ol { padding-left: 26px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.6; }
.refs li { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.refs li:target { background: #fff6d8; }

.paywall .pw-box { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px 22px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.paywall .pw-box.alt { background: var(--band); }
.pw-box p { margin: 0 0 4px; }
.pw-title { font-weight: 700; font-size: 17px; }
.price { font-size: 22px; font-weight: 800; margin-top: 8px !important; }
.price span { font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; color: var(--muted); }

.aff ol { padding-left: 22px; font-size: 15px; }
.aff li { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.aff h3, .rights h3 { font-size: 17px; margin: 18px 0 8px; }
.cite-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: 32px; }
@media (max-width: 700px) { .cite-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.cite p { font-size: 15px; }
.rights dl { margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; gap: 6px 14px; font-size: 14px; }
.rights dt { font-weight: 700; }
.rights dd { margin: 0; word-break: break-word; }

.side-in { position: sticky; top: 20px; display: grid; gap: 18px; }
.tabs { display: flex; border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.tabs > * { flex: 1; text-align: center; padding: 10px 6px; font-size: 15px; background: #f3f6f8; border-left: 1px solid var(--line); text-decoration: none; }
.tabs > :first-child { border-left: 0; }
.tabs .on { background: #fff; font-weight: 700; }
.toc { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 16px; display: grid; gap: 10px; font-size: 15px; }

/* forms, notices, account */
.lede { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.6; }
.form { display: grid; gap: 8px; }
.form label { font-weight: 700; margin-top: 8px; }
.form .row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 14px; margin: 12px 0; }
.form.auth { max-width: 420px; }
input, textarea { width: 100%; font: 16px/1.4 var(--sans); padding: 12px 14px; border: 1px solid #8a9aa6; border-radius: 4px; background: #fff; color: var(--text); }
textarea { resize: vertical; }
input:focus, textarea:focus { outline: 3px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: 0; border-color: var(--navy); }
.notice { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 4px solid var(--link); background: var(--band); padding: 16px 20px; margin: 18px 0; border-radius: 4px; }
.notice h3 { margin: 0 0 8px; font-size: 18px; }
.notice p { margin: 0 0 10px; }
.notice p:last-child { margin: 0; }
.panel { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 8px 0 20px; }
.panel h2 { font-size: 22px; margin: 14px 0 10px; }
.big { font-size: 34px; font-weight: 800; margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--navy); }
.packs { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }
.mine { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.mine li { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 4px 16px; padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.mine a { font-weight: 700; }
.prose { line-height: 1.75; }
.prose h2 { font-size: 22px; margin: 26px 0 10px; }

.pending .claim { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 6px 0 20px; }
.steps { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 18px; display: grid; gap: 10px; }
.steps li { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.steps li span { width: 14px; height: 14px; border-radius: 50%; border: 2px solid var(--line); flex: none; }
.steps li.done span { background: var(--link); border-color: var(--link); }
.steps li.on { color: var(--text); font-weight: 700; }
.steps li.on span { border-color: var(--link); animation: pulse 1.2s infinite; }
@keyframes pulse { 50% { background: var(--link); } }

/* footer */
.foot { background: var(--navy); color: #fff; margin-top: 48px; }
.foot a { color: #fff; }
.foot-cols { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 24px; padding-top: 34px; padding-bottom: 28px; }
@media (max-width: 760px) { .foot-cols { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
.foot h4 { color: #fff; font-size: 18px; margin: 0 0 12px; }
.foot-cols a { display: block; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.foot-legal { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); padding-top: 18px; padding-bottom: 26px; font-size: 14px; }
.foot-legal p { margin: 0 0 8px; max-width: 900px; }

#toast { position: fixed; left: 50%; bottom: 20px; transform: translateX(-50%); background: var(--navy); color: #fff; font-size: 14px; padding: 10px 16px; border-radius: 20px; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.2s; pointer-events: none; }
#toast.show { opacity: 1; }

/* author page */
.author-head { display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: center; margin: 8px 0 22px; }
.avatar { width: 72px; height: 72px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--band); border: 1px solid var(--line); display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; color: var(--navy); flex: none; }
.inst { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-size: 15px; }
.author-stats { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; margin: 0 0 30px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; }
.author-stats div { flex: 1 1 140px; padding: 14px 18px; border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.author-stats div:first-child { border-left: 0; }
.author-stats dt { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); }
.author-stats dd { margin: 2px 0 0; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 800; color: var(--navy); }
.cited .items { margin-top: 6px; }
.foot-cols form { margin: 0; }
.foot-link { display: block; margin: 0 0 8px; padding: 0; background: none; border: 0; color: #fff; font: 14px/1.6 var(--sans); text-align: left; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; cursor: pointer; }
.foot-link:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
.prose h3 { font-size: 17px; margin: 20px 0 6px; }
.prose ul { padding-left: 22px; }
.prose li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
.foot-link { -webkit-appearance: none; appearance: none; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; }

/* share dialog (requester) */
.share-dialog { width: min(640px, calc(100vw - 32px)); border: 0; border-radius: 10px; padding: 26px 26px 22px; color: var(--text); }
.share-dialog::backdrop { background: rgba(1, 50, 75, 0.55); }
.share-dialog h2 { font-size: 22px; margin: 0 0 16px; }
.sd-close { position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 12px; margin: 0; }
.sd-close button { background: none; border: 0; font-size: 28px; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer; color: var(--muted); }
.sd-option { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; padding: 14px 16px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.sd-option.private { background: var(--band); border-left: 4px solid var(--link); }
.sd-option h3 { font-size: 16px; margin: 0 0 4px; }
.sd-option p { font-size: 14px; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.sd-row { display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center; }
.sd-row input { flex: 1; min-width: 0; font-size: 13px; padding: 8px 10px; }
@media (max-width: 520px) { .sd-row { flex-wrap: wrap; } .sd-row input { flex-basis: 100%; } }
.sd-reset { margin: 10px 0 0; }
.linkish.dark { color: var(--link); font-size: 13px; }
.form.magic { margin-top: 34px; padding-top: 22px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.form.magic h2 { font-size: 20px; margin: 0 0 4px; }